Few things are as frustrating as being jolted awake in the middle of the night by a sudden, stabbing pain in your leg or foot. These night leg cramps—sometimes called nocturnal cramps—are intense, involuntary muscle contractions that can leave you gasping in pain and rubbing your calf long after the spasm has passed.

Although anyone can experience them, research shows that some people are far more vulnerable than others. For older adults in particular, nighttime muscle spasms can become a regular, unwelcome part of life. But understanding who is most at risk, and why these cramps occur, is the first step toward prevention and long-term relief.

Why Do Night Cramps Happen?
The exact causes of night cramps aren’t fully understood, but experts believe they are linked to a combination of muscle fatigue, poor circulation, and imbalances in essential minerals like magnesium, potassium, and calcium. These nutrients are vital for proper muscle function—without them, muscles are more prone to contract suddenly and painfully.

For seniors, changes in muscle flexibility, nerve function, and circulation play an even greater role. But cramps are not limited to older adults. Pregnancy, certain health conditions, and even medication side effects can all increase the likelihood of these painful episodes.

Let’s take a closer look at the groups most affected.

1. Older Adults: The Highest-Risk Group